Inorganic phosphate determination in the presence of a labile organic phosphate: assay for carbamyl phosphate phosphatase activity

A periodate-resorcinol method for bound sialic acid using the Technicon Autoanalyzer II is presented. It has a sensitivity similar to the manual method, is linear between 5 and 65 nmol/ml, requires less than 0.2 ml of sample, and can be run at the rate of 70 samples/h. Little cross-reaction with common matrix and cell components was found. The method is compatible with many commonly used volatile and nonvolatile chromatographic buffers. The use of a bound sialic acid standard such as N-acetylneuraminyl lactose is recommended.     

Identification of Naegleria fowleri and other Naegleria spp. (free-living amoebae) using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis of glucose phosphate isomerase

Abstract A simple isoenzyme cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis method with respect to glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) was developed for the differentiation of the human pathogenic free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri from other Naegleria spp. A single GPI band was detected in all the species tested, the relative mobility of which could be used to identify N. fowleri . Of the other Naegleria spp., only N. italica and N. jadini shared a common GPI mobility. No intraspecies variation in GPI profile was detected, regardless of whether the strains were cultured in monoxenic or axenic media. The technique is proposed as a useful means of identifying N. fowleri soon after isolation from the environment.     

利用超高效液相色谱和离子色谱法测定注射用磷酸川芎嗪的含量

目的:建立超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)和离子色谱法(IC)测定磷酸川芎嗪中川芎嗪和磷酸的含量,为质量评价提供依据。方法:UPLC测定川芎嗪的色谱柱为Waters Acquity BEH C18 (2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm);检测波长:300 nm检测川芎嗪,274 nm检测有关物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯;流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-0.1%甲酸乙腈(B),梯度洗脱(0.0～0.8 min,10%B→90%B;0.8～0.81 min,90%B→10%B;0.81～1.00 min,10%B),流速:0.7 m L/min。IC测定磷酸的离子交换色谱柱为Dionex IonPac AS11-HC-4μm (4×250 mm),流动相为30 mmol/L KOH溶液等度洗脱15 min,流速1.0 m L/min,柱温35℃;电导检测器;抑制器电流为50 m A。结果:川芎嗪和磷酸在10～100 g/m L内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均为1.0,UPLC法测定川芎嗪的回收率为102.0%。IC测定磷酸的回收率为99.8%。7个公司生产的注射剂中川芎嗪的含量均在药典规定的范围90%～110%内。但是其中3个公司生产的注射剂磷酸超出药典规定范围90%～110%。结论:与常规HPLC/UPLC测定磷酸川芎嗪含量方法比较,本文所用方法测定结果更加准确、全面、且重复性好,能够真实反应注射用磷酸川芎嗪的实际含量,对于注射用磷酸川芎嗪的安全性和有效性评估提供了一定的依据。     

不同施肥处理对柑橘粉虱和柑橘潜叶蛾发生的影响

柑橘粉虱Dialeurodes citri Ashmead和柑橘潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton是柑橘的主要害虫,为了评估施肥对其发生的影响,本研究调查了施用有机肥、化肥、复混肥(有机肥与化肥混合)的砂糖橘苗木上这两种害虫的发生危害情况。结果表明,施用有机肥的苗木上柑橘粉虱的卵和若虫数量显著低于化肥,由柑橘粉虱诱发的煤污病发病程度也显著低于化肥处理。有机肥处理柑橘粉虱成虫数量也最少,但与化肥、复混肥差异未达显著水平。另外,柑橘潜叶蛾为害情况在3种肥料处理之间则没有显著差异。说明施有机肥的砂糖橘对柑桔粉虱的吸引作用最弱,其次为复混肥,化肥最吸引柑橘粉虱。3种施肥处理对柑橘潜叶蛾的吸引作用差异不明显。     

Continuous Solvent/Detergent Virus Inactivation Using a Packed‐Bed Reactor

Continuous virus inactivation (VI) remains one of the missing pieces while the biopharma industry moves toward continuous manufacturing. The challenges of adapting VI to the continuous operation are two‐fold: 1) achieving fluid homogeneity and 2) a narrow residence time distribution (RTD) for fluid incubation. To address these challenges, a dynamic active in‐line mixer and a packed‐bed continuous virus inactivation reactor (CVIR) are implemented, which act as a narrow RTD incubation chamber. The developed concept is applied using solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment for inactivation of two commonly used model viruses. The in‐line mixer is characterized and enables mixing of the viscous S/D chemicals to ±1.0% of the target concentration in a small dead volume. The reactor's RTD is characterized and additional control experiments confirm that the VI is due to the S/D action and not induced by system components. The CVIR setup achieves steady state rapidly before two reactor volumes and the logarithmic reduction values of the continuous inactivation process are identical to those obtained by the traditional batch operation. The packed‐bed reactor for continuous VI unites fully continuous processing with very low‐pressure drop and scalability.     

Coordinated Network Changes across the Catalytic Cycle of Alpha Tryptophan Synthase

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基于化肥施用控制的稻田生态补偿标准研究——以南京市溧水区为例

农田生态补偿作为一种控制化肥用量与面源污染的公共政策工具,其补偿标准将决定政策内化外部效应的实际效果。以南京市溧水区水稻种植户为对象,综合运用成本收益法、能值分析法和双边界二分式CVM法,测定基于政府和农户双重视角下的稻田化肥减施生态补偿标准。研究结果表明:化肥污染环境成本量化视角下南京市水稻种植过程中的折纯化肥投入参考值为268.75 kg hm~(-2)a~(-1),相比2017年南京市的实际化肥用量312.48 kg hm~(-2)a~(-1)仍有约14%的下降空间;绝大多数种植户愿意在接受平均补偿标准为882.49元hm~(-2)a~(-1)的前提之下减少化肥投入至参考用量;受教育程度越高、家中务农人数越多、化肥投入成本越高的稻农更倾向于接受生态补偿,而种植面积较大的农户以及年长男性种植户对减施化肥持更谨慎的态度。研究结果为南京市农业面源污染防治和稻田生态补偿标准制定提供了一定的理论支撑,在实际补偿发放过程中,单一的补偿标准无法保障公平公正,需建立与作物种植类型、化肥减施成效相挂钩的分级生态补偿制度,从而激励农户尽可能减少化肥投入。     

稳定性氮肥配合秸秆还田对水稻产量及N2O和CH4排放的影响

以中国科学院辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站连续两年的试验平台为依托,以潮棕壤为供试土壤,开展了稳定性氮肥配合秸秆还田对水稻产量及N₂O和CH₄排放的影响研究,设置对照(CK)、尿素(U)、尿素+脲酶抑制剂+硝化抑制剂(U+I)、秸秆还田(S)、秸秆还田+尿素(S+U)、秸秆还田+尿素+脲酶抑制剂+硝化抑制剂(S+U+I)6个处理.结果表明: 与CK相比,尿素显著提高了水稻产量、N₂O和CH₄累积排放及全球增温潜势.硝化抑制剂和脲酶抑制剂与尿素配施可显著减缓N₂O的累积排放.秸秆还田显著增加了N₂O和CH₄累积排放、全球增温潜势和温室气体排放强度.S+U+I处理水稻产量最高,但温室气体排放强度也显著高于其他处理;U+I处理产量略低于S+U+I,但温室气体排放强度最小.秸秆单独还田处理作物产量与对照相比无显著差异.在东北潮棕壤发育的水田中,S+U+I和U+I是相对较优的施肥模式.